MegaGlest 3.9.1

Buat sobat yang suka dengan permainan strategy, pasti sudah tidak asing dengan permainan Glest. Permainan yang mengandalkan otak ini memang asyik dan membuat kita lupa waktu. Kita ditantang untuk membangun sebuah kerajaan yang lengkap dengan segala fasilitas dan tentu saja kita berusaha membentengi negara kita dengan prajurit yang handal, berilmu tinggi, dibarengi dengan berbagai fasilitas pendidikan serta research yang akan menunjang kekuatan prajurit tersebut.

MegaGlest adalah open source 3D-real-time strategy game, di mana Anda mengendalikan tentara salah satu dari tujuh faksi yang berbeda.

File Size: 243.48 MB

Publisher: MegaGlest

OS Support: Windows 2000/XP/2003/Vista/7/8

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Media Player Classic Home Cinema 1.7.2

MPC

Media Player Classic Home Cinema adalah media player yang sangat ringan untuk Windows. Ini terlihat seperti Windows Media Player v6.4, namun memiliki banyak fitur tambahan.

Fitur Media Player Classic Home Cinema :
Pilihan untuk menghapus Tearing.
Dukungan untuk EVR (Enhanced Video Renderer)
Mendukung Sub.
Pemutaran dan perekaman televisi jika TV tuner diinstal.
OSD (On Screen Display)
Pixel shader untuk mengkonversi BT601 – BT701
Semua fitur dari Guliverkli MPC Proyek dari Gabest.
Remote control untuk perangkat Android.
Support Video, Audio dan Format File Gambar:
WAV, WMA, MP3, OGG, SND, AU, AIF, AIFC, AIFF, MIDI, MPEG, MPG, MP2, VOB, AC3, DTS, ASX, M3U, PLS, WAX, ASF, WM, WMA, WMV, AVI, CDA, JPEG, JPG, GIF, PNG, BMP, D2V, MP4, SWF, MOV, QT, FLV
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File Size: 9.98 MB

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Academics discover variation in circadian clock protein in fruit flies

The circadian clock is a molecular network that generates daily rhythms, and is present in both plants and animals. A University of Leicester research team led by Dr Eran Tauber has studied genetic variation in circadian clock genes in wild populations of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster -- and has discovered that their genes have developed different genetic variations that are functionally important.

Ar-Raniry Islamic University

The paper, entitled 'Molecular evolution of a pervasive natural amino-acid substitution in Drosophila cryptochrome', has been published in PLOS ONE, a peer-reviewed international online publication.

The research focuses on examining a protein called Cryptochrome (CRY), a blue light photoreceptor which synchronises the circadian clock of the fruit fly with the environmental light-dark cycle. CRY is involved in circadian clock functioning in both plants and animals, including humans.

Adaptive variations have resulted in two versions of the CRY protein existing in fruit flies, both with a different amino acid present -- these amino acids affect the circadian clock of the fruit fly.

Dr Tauber said: "The fruit-fly has been a major model organism in the study of the circadian clock, and our collection of strains from various wild populations allow us to identify changes in the genes that serve as molecular adaptations of populations to their local environments.

"We have analysed the sequence of this genes in flies from different European populations and identified many variations. One of these variations involves a single DNA base change resulting in two versions of the protein, each with a different amino acid."

Bioinformatic analysis of the protein structure was carried out by Dr Ralf Schmid from the University of Leicester's Department of Biochemistry, and suggests that this single mutation has a profound effect on the protein structure of the fruit fly.

Dr Mirko Pegoraro, a researcher from the University of Leicester, said: "The fact that the two versions of the protein are present in similar proportions in all the fruit fly populations that we sampled suggests that this variation is functionally important in the species and is actively maintained by natural selection.

"We have tested the behaviour of the flies that express the different CRY proteins and found some interesting and significant differences in their activity pattern during the day, and adult emergence from their pupae the fact that a single amino acid change can result in a different behaviour is an extraordinary discovery."

The study generated large fly populations with different frequencies of the two CRY variants. The team monitored the dynamics of the variants for nearly a year -- about 20 fly generations.

The frequency of the genetic variants became similar in a controlled research environment, simulating the frequencies observed in the wild. Using this kind of experimental evolution allowed the team to demonstrate that this variation is actively maintained by the species, although the exact mechanism is yet to be identified.

The research was carried for nearly six years and was funded by grants from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), to Dr Eran Tauber and Prof. Bambos Kyriacou at the Department of Genetics.

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Bats use water ripples to hunt frogs

As the male túngara frog serenades female frogs from a pond, he creates watery ripples that make him easier to target by rivals and predators such as bats, according to researchers from The University of Texas at Austin, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Leiden University and Salisbury University. A túngara frog will stop calling if it sees a bat overhead, but ripples continue moving for several seconds after the call ceases. In the study, published this week in the journal Science, researchers found evidence that bats use echolocation -- a natural form of sonar -- to detect these ripples and home in on a frog. The discovery sheds light on an ongoing evolutionary arms race between frogs and bats.

Ar-Raniry Islamic University

The male túngara frog (Physalaemus pustulosus), native to Central and South America, spends his nights calling from shallow ponds, attempting to attract the attention of a mate. Yet his call, which is based on a pattern of "whines" and "chucks," inadvertently creates a multisensory display that can be exploited by both friend and foe.

As the amorous amphibian calls out, his vocal sac continually inflates and deflates, like a pulsing balloon. This pulsating sac creates a visual cue, but also creates a third signal -- ripples in the surface of the pond.

"A general theme of this research is that the way we communicate with any kind of a signal is by creating a disturbance in the environment," said Mike Ryan, co-author on the study and professor in the Department of Integrative Biology at UT Austin. "When we vocalize, we're causing changes in the air pressure around us and that's what our ears hear. When we use visual signals, light bounces off whatever pigments we're using and is transmitted to the receiver. Anything we do disturbs the environment, whether it's intended as a communication signal or not."

The researchers found that frog-eating bats (Trachops cirrhosus) were much more likely to attack a target that had both frog calls and ripples radiating from it than one with frog calls and no ripples. This suggests that they can detect these ripples, most likely with echolocation. However, bats appear to lose this advantage if the area around the frog is cluttered with leaf litter, which may stop the ripples from propagating.

"The interesting thing is that these frogs have evolved a strategy to escape predation," said lead author Wouter Halfwerk, a postdoctoral researcher at UT Austin who is also affiliated with STRI and Leiden University. "When a frog detects the shadow of a bat overhead, his first defense is to stop calling immediately. Unfortunately for the frog, the water ripples created by his call do not also stop immediately. The ripples continue to emanate out for several seconds, creating a watery bull's-eye on the frog. Bats use the ripples, thereby beating the anti-predator strategy."

On the other hand, the ripples seem to enhance the response of rival male frogs to the initial caller.

The researchers found that when a call was accompanied by ripples, other male frogs were more likely to respond than if the call was broadcast by itself. In addition, when they did respond, they did so with more gusto.

If a call accompanied by water ripples was outside a male's zone of defense, a circle about 15 cm across, rival males would call more than twice as fast as they would if they just heard the initial call by itself. If the call, again with ripples, was inside their territory rival frogs tended to call less, often stopping altogether and deflating their vocal sacs, presumably getting ready to rumble or run.

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Boosting vitamin D could slow progression, reduce severity of multiple sclerosis

For patients in the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS), low levels of vitamin D were found to strongly predict disease severity and hasten its progression, according to a new study led by Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) investigators in collaboration with Bayer HealthCare. The findings suggest that patients in the early stages of MS could stave off disease symptoms by increasing their vitamin D intake. "Because low vitamin D levels are common and can be easily and safely increased by oral supplementation, these findings may contribute to better outcomes for many MS patients," said lead author Alberto Ascherio, professor of epidemiology and nutrition at HSPH.

The study will appear online January 20, 2014 in JAMA Neurology.

MS is a central nervous system disease that causes problems with muscle control and strength, vision, balance, feeling, and thinking. It's estimated by the World Health Organization that roughly 2.5 million people in the world have MS.

Previous research indicated a connection between low levels of vitamin D and risk of developing MS or having MS symptoms worsen, but those studies included patients with longstanding MS whose vitamin D levels could partly be a consequence, not a predictor, of disease severity. The new study looked at vitamin D levels among patients at the time of their first symptoms of the disease.

Researchers analyzed data from 465 MS patients from 18 European countries, Israel, and Canada who enrolled in 2002 and 2003 in the BENEFIT (Betaseron in Newly Emerging Multiple Sclerosis for Initial Treatment) trial, which was aimed at comparing the effectiveness of early versus late interferon beta-1b in treating the disease. The scientists looked at how the patients' vitamin D levels -- which were measured at the onset of their symptoms and at regular intervals over a 24-month period -- correlated with their disease symptoms and progression over a period of five years.

They found that early-stage MS patients who had adequate levels of vitamin D had a 57% lower rate of new brain lesions, a 57% lower relapse rate, and a 25% lower yearly increase in lesion volume than those with lower levels of vitamin D. Loss in brain volume, which is an important predictor of disability, was also lower among patients with adequate vitamin D levels. The results suggest that vitamin D has a strong protective effect on the disease process underlying MS, and underscore the importance of correcting vitamin D insufficiency, which is widespread in Europe and the U.S., the researchers said.

"The benefits of vitamin D appeared to be additive to those of interferon beta-1b, a drug that is very effective in reducing MS activity. The findings of our study indicate that identifying and correcting vitamin D insufficiency should become part of the standard of care for newly diagnosed MS patients," said Ascherio.

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Novel Technology Reveals Aerodynamics of Migrating Birds Flying in a V-Formation

New research shows that birds precisely time when they flap their wings and position themselves in aerodynamic optimal positions, to maximize the capture of upwash, or 'good air', throughout the entire flap cycle, while avoiding areas of downwash or 'bad air'.

Researchers using custom-built GPS and accelerometer loggers, developed with funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, (EPSRC), and attached to free-flying birds on migration, have gained ground-breaking insights into the mysteries of bird flight formation.

The research, led by the Royal Veterinary College, University of London, proves for the first time that birds precisely time when they flap their wings and position themselves in aerodynamic optimal positions, to maximise the capture of upwash, or 'good air', throughout the entire flap cycle, while avoiding areas of downwash or 'bad air'.

It was previously not thought possible for birds to carry out such aerodynamic feats because of the complex flight dynamics and sensory feedback required. The study, is published in the journal Nature, on Thursday 16th January 2014.

Dr Steve Portugal, Lead Researcher at the Royal Veterinary College, University of London, said: "The distinctive V-formation of bird flocks has long intrigued researchers and continues to attract both scientific and popular attention, however a definitive account of the aerodynamic implications of these formations has remained elusive until now.

"The intricate mechanisms involved in V-formation flight indicate remarkable awareness and ability of birds to respond to the wingpath of nearby flock-mates. Birds in V-formation seem to have developed complex phasing strategies to cope with the dynamic wakes produced by flapping wings."

Professor David Delpy, Chief Executive of the EPSRC said: "This is a fascinating piece of research, providing a scientific answer to a question that I suspect most people have asked themselves -- why do birds fly in formation? The results will prove useful in a variety of fields for example aerodynamics and manufacturing.

"The research is an excellent example of an international collaboration involving inputs not only from many physical and engineering science disciplines, but also the life sciences."

The mechanisms that the birds use is achieved firstly through spatial phasing of wing beats when flying in a spanwise ('V') position, creating wing-tip path coherence between individuals which will maximise upwash capture throughout the entire flap cycle.

Secondly, when flying in a streamwise ('behind') position, birds exhibit spatial anti-phasing of their wing beats, creating no wing-tip path coherence and avoiding regions of detrimental downwash. Such a mechanism would be available specifically to flapping formation flight.

Scientists captured the data for the study as the birds flew alongside a micro-light on their migration route from their summer birthplace in Austria to their wintering grounds in Tuscany, Italy. The study is the first to collect data from free-flying birds and was made possible by the logging devices custom-built at the Structure and Motion Laboratory at the Royal Veterinary College.

The light-weight, synchronised, GPS and inertial measurement devices, recorded within up to 30 cm accuracy where a bird was within the flock, its speed, and when and how hard it flapped its wings. The precision of the measurements enabled the aerodynamic interactions of the birds to be studied at a level and complexity for the first time.

Dr Portugal and his team worked with the Waldrappteam, a conservation organisation based in Austria, who are re-introducing Northern Bald Ibises into Europe, after being extinct there for 300 years.

The 14 juvenile birds used in the study were hand-reared at Vienna Zoo by human foster parents from the Waldrappteam. The birds were trained to follow a micro-light 'mother-ship' to teach them their historic migration routes to wintering grounds in Italy. Normally they would learn this from adult birds, and without this help, the birds would not thrive.

The birds are currently in Tuscany and the team hopes they will remember the way to what should be their breeding grounds in Salzburg later this year, without the help of the micro-light this time!

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Step By Step Konfigurasi Mikrotik Load Balancing 2 koneksi Speedy

Berikut ini adalah Step By Step Konfigurasi Mikrotik Load Balancing 2 koneksi Speedy ( selanjutnya kalau anda mau  gunakan untuk setting 3 Speedy, 5 koneksi WAN, dll tinggal menambahkan koneksi WAN seperti halnya mengunakan 2 koneksi WAN ). Pada tutorial ini kita mengunakan Mikrotik RouterBoard RB750 yang memiliki 5 buah Port Ethernet, yang mana kita akan gunakan 3 Port ini dengan nama LAN, WAN1 dan WAN2 Sebagai acuan tutorial ini, kita dapat membaca Mikrotik Wiki link dibawah ini :

http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Per-Traffic_Load_Balancing

http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Load_Balancing_over_Multiple_Gateways

http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/NTH_load_balancing_with_masquerade

http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Load_balancing_multiple_same_subnet_links

Okelah kalau begitu kita dapat mulai konfigurasi Mikrotik kita sebagai berikut :

NOTES / CATATAN KHUSUS :

Mikrotik itu adalah Device yang dinamis, artinya jangan menyamakan Mikrotik dengan SWITCH yang cukup di colokin aja udah berfungsi gak perlu di utak-atik lagi. Jadi Mikrotik itu perlu di pantau / monitor, di update Bandwith Manajemen sesuai kebutuhan. Perlu di pantau juga adalah ATTACK dari luar apa tidak. Apakah ada Script atau konfigurasi Firewall Protection yang lebih baru apa tidak. Jika kita malas untuk belajar Mikrotik maka kita tidak akan mendapat kemudahan dari Mikrotik ini…

Sumber

http://thinkxfree.wordpress.com/2011/07/29/step-by-step-konfigurasi-mikrotik-load-balancing-2-koneksi-speedy/ 

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